Piret Pernik is a Research Fellow, International Centre for Defence and Security. Her research focuses on cyber security and cyber defence, digital policy and transformation, societal security, and comprehensive security and defence. She has extensively published on national, NATO, and the EU cyber security policies and strategies. Before joining the ICDS in 2013, she worked at the Estonian Ministry of Defence on defence policy planning and served as an adviser to the National Defence Committee of the Estonian Parliament on national defence matters.